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LIBRARY 

OF   THE 


\  University  of  California.  \ 

GIFT  OF 

GEORGE  MOREY  RICHARDSON 

Received,  ^August,  1898. 
Accession  No.  7.32-J)D      Class  No. 


5IME   UNEXCELLED.' 


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j^nafi"  Depot 

Oetroit.  Mich. 

CONVENIENT  TO  ALL  BUSINESS  CENTERS 
AND  PLACES  or  AMUSEMENTS. 

BAGGAGE  TRANSf  ERRED  TREE  OF  CHARGE. 
RATES  1^2,  $250  $300  ^350  p^p  Q^y. 


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Directly  in  from  o(  Queen  Victoria  PRrk. 

Its  superior  situation  over  oftier 

Hotels  ai  rtia^ra  is  /IcKnowied^  by  alL 


fffTfVHE  CUFTOM  IS  POSmVELf  THE  ONLY  HOTEL  FROH  THE  APARTMENTS 
I  III  ij  *''0  OININQ  ROOMS  OF  WHICH  THERE  IS  A  FULL  AMD  UNOBSTRUCTED 
Jlls        Wflf  OF  THE    HORSESHOE    AND    AMERICAN    FALLS.    INCLUDINB    THE 

BRAND  VIEW  OF  THE  CANYON  OF  THE  NIAGARA  RIVER,   FROM  THE  TEN 
HUNDRED  AND  FIFl  t  FEET  OF  COVERED  PIAZZAS  THE  VIEW  IS  BEYOND  DESCRIP- 
TION. AND  IS  AH  EXCLUSIVE  ADVANTAGE   OF  THE  CUFTON.     THE  CUFTON  HOUSE 
IS  CELEBRATED  FOU  ITS  QUIET E USANCE  AND  FEATURES  OF  COMFORT  AND  CONVE- 
NIENCE.    THE  APARTMENTS.   EN  SUITE,   OR  SINGLE,   ARE  ATTRACTIVE  IN  APPOINT- 
MENTS. AND  THE  CUISINE  SERVICE  AND  ATTENDANCE  SUPERIOR  IN  AU  RESPECTS. 


**"**»  (B^eo.TTf.Colb 


NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


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THF'^F  WORKS  cover  an  area  of  laoo  acres,  employ  about  i8,coo  men,  have 
the  most  improved  plant,  and  stand  unique,  from  the  fact  that  they  have 
their  own  Ore  and  Coal  Mines,  lilast  Furnaces,  etc.,  and  that^«ry  staRe  of 
manufacture  is  under  iheir  own  supervision,  and  are  not  (like  others)  dependent 
on  the  open  market  for  a  miscellaneous  assortment  of  crude  material,  which,  in 
connection  wi  h  7S  years' experience,  enables  them  <°  ""■"  °>",f~Pr"^""  "!  ^  / 
very  superior  quality,  second  lo  none,  and  at  the  same  time  the  different  grades  j 
pkPf  Steel  arc  always  of  the  same  uniform  quality. 


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The  Falls  of  Niagara 


DEPICTED   BY   PEN   AND  CAAERA 


IVIAXXHEWS,     NORTHRUP    &    CO- 

BUFFALO   AND   NEW   YORK. 


Hlif^ 


THE   RAPIDS  ABOVE  THE   AMERICAN   FALL,   AND  THE   BRIDGE  TO   SISTER  ISLANDS. 


The  American  Rapids. 

TH  E  Rapids  are  far  from  being  the  least  interesting  feature  of  Niagara.  There  is  a  violence 
and  a  power  in  their  foaming  career,  which  is  seen  in  no  phenomenon  of  the  same  class. 
Standing  on  the  bridge  which  connects  Goat  Island  with  the  Main,  and  looking  up  towards 
Lake  Erie,  the  leaping  crests  of  the  rapids  form  the  horizon,  and  it  seems  like  a  battle-charge 
of  tempestuous  waves  animated  and  infuriated  against  the  sky. 

No  one  who  has  not  seen  this  spectacle  of  turbulent  grandeur  can  conceive  with  what  force 
the  swift  and  overwhelming  waters  are  flung  upwards.  The  rocks,-  whose  soaring  points  show 
above  the  surface,  seem  tormented  with  some  supernatural  agony,  and  fling  off  the  wild  and 
hurried  waters,  as  if  with  the  force  of  a  giant's  arm.  Nearer  the  plunge  of  the  Fall,  the  Rapids 
become  still  more  agitated ;  and  it  is  almost  impossible  for  the  spectator  to  rid  himself  of  the 
idea  that  they  are  conscious  of  the  abyss  to  which  they  are  hurrying,  and  struggle  back  in  the 
verj'  e.xtremity  of  horror. 

This  propensity  to  invest  Niagara  with  a  soul  and  human  feelings  is  a  common  effect  upon 
the  minds  of  visitors,  in  every  part  of  its  wonderful  phenomena.  The  torture  of  the  Rapids,  the 
clinging  curves  with  which  they  embrace  the  small  rocky  islands  that  live  amid  the  surge,  the 
sudden  calmness  at  the  brow  of  the  cataract,  and  the  infernal  writhe  and  whiteness  with  which 
they  re-appear,  powerless  from  the  depths  of  the  abyss,  all  seem,  to  the  excited  imagination  of  the 
gazer,  like  the  natural  effects  of  impending  ruin,  desperate  resolution,  and  fearful  agony,  on  the 
minds  and  frames  of  mortals. —  Natlianiel  Parker  Willis. 


Niagara  Falls. 

OF  all  the  sights  on  this  earth  of  ours  which  tourists  travel  to  see, —  at  least  of  all  those 
which  I  have  seen, —  I  am  inclined  to  give  the  palm  to  the  Falls  of  Niagara.  In  the 
catalogue  of  such  sights,  I  intend  to  include  all  buildings,  pictures,  statues,  and  wonders 
of  art  made  by  men's  hands,  and  also  all  beauties  of  nature  prepared  by  the  Creator  for  the 
delight  of  His  creatures.  This  is  a  long  word  ;  but,  as  far  as  my  taste  and  judgment  go,  it  is 
justified.  I  know  no  other  one  thing  so  beautiful,  so  glorious,  and  so  powerful.  I  would  not 
say  that  a  traveler  wishing  to  do  the  best  with  his  time,  should  first  of  all  places  seek  Niagara. 
In  visiting  Florence,  he  may  learn  almost  all  that  modern  art  can  teach.  At  Rome,  he  will  be 
brought  to  understand  the  cold  hearts,  correct  eyes,  and  cruel  ambition  of  the  old  Latin  race. 
In  Switzerland,  he  will  surround  himself  with  a  flood  of  grandeur  and  loveliness,  and  fill  himself, 
if  he  be  capable  of  such  filling,  with  a  flood  of  romance.  The  tropics  will  unfold  to  him  all 
that  vegetation  in  its  greatest  richness  can  produce.  In  Paris,  he  will  find  the  supreme  of 
polish,  the  nc  plus  ultra  of  varnish,  according  to  the  world's  capability  of  varnishing;  and,  in 
London,  he  will  find  the  supreme  of  power,  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  work  according  to  the  world's 
capability  of  working.  At  Niagara,  there  is  that  fall  of  waters  alone.  But  that  fall  is  more 
graceful  than  Giotto's  tower,  more  noble  than  the  Apollo.  The  peaks  of  the  Alps  are  not  so 
astounding  in  their  solitude.  The  valleys  of  the  Blue  Mountains  in  Jamaica  are  less  green.  The 
finished  glaze  of  life  in  Paris  is  less  invariable ;  and  the  full  tide  of  trade  round  the  Bank  of 
England  is  not  so  inexorably  powerful. —  Anthony  Trollope. 


The  Ice  Bridge. 


UPON  the  occurrence  of  a  thaw  sufficient  to  break  up  the  ice  in  Lake  Erie,  masses  of 
floating  ice  are  precipitated  over  the  Falls  in  blocks  of  several  tons  each.  These  remain 
at  the  foot  of  the  cataract,  from  the  stream  being  closed  below,  "and  form  a  natural 
bridge  across  it.  As  they  accumulate,  they  get  progressively  piled  up,  like  a  cyclopean  wall. 
Built  of  huge  blocks  of  ice  instead  of  stone,  this  singular  masonry  of  nature  gets  cemented  by 
the  spray,  which,  rising  in  clouds  of  mist  as  usual  from  the  foot  of  the  Falls,  attaches  itself  in 
its  upward  progress  to  the  icy  wall,  and  soon  gets  frozen  with  the  rest  of  the  mass,  helping  to 
fill  up  the  interstices  between  the  larger  blocks  of  which  this  architecture  is  composed." 

This  icy  wall  or  mound  rises  up  from  the  base  in  front  of  the  Falls  to  a  height  approaching 
the  level  of  the  upper  stream.  Scaling  the  mound  is  an  exhilarating  and  laborious  exercise,  but 
the  near  sight  of  the  maddened  waters  plunging  into  the  vortex  below,  is  a  fitting  reward  for  the 
adventurous  undertaking. 

The  ice-bridge  generally  extends  from  the  Horse-shoe  Fall  to  a  point  near  the  railway  bridge, 
lasts  generally  from  two  to  three  months,  and  is  crossed  by  hundreds  of  foot  passengers  during 
the  winter.  The  ice  forming  the  bridge  is  ordinarily  from  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and 
fifty  feet  thick — -rising  from  fifty  to  sixty  feet  above  the  natural  surface  of  the  river.  Huge 
icicles,  formed  by  an  accumulation  of  frozen  spray,  hang  from  the  rocks:  a  mass  of  quaint  and 
curiou-j  crystalline  forms  stand  in  lieu  of  the  bushes;  the  buildings  seem  to  sink  under  ponderous 
coverings  of  snow  and  ice;  the  trees  and  rocks  on  which  the  dazzling  frost  work  does  not  lie 
stand  out  in  bold  contrast,  forming  the  deep  shadows  of  the  entrancing  picture ;  the  whole 
presents  a  wild,  savage  aspect,  grand  and  imposing. 


i 


—  rm^W 

THE  (CE  BRIDGE  AND  ICE  MOUNTAIN  AT  FOOT  OF  AMERICAN  FALL    THE  HORSE-SHOE 


From  the  Suspension  Foot  Bridge. 

THE  last  hues  of  sunset  lingered  in  the  mists  that  sprung  from  the  base  of  the  Falls 
with  a  mournful,  tremulous  grace,  and  a  movement  weird  as  the  play  of  the  northern 
lights.  They  were  touched  with  the  most  delicate  purples  and  crimsons,  that  darkened 
to  deep  red,  and  then  faded  from  them  at  a  second  look,  and  they  flew  upward,  swiftly  upward, 
like  troops  of  pale,  transparent  ghosts;  while  a  perfectly  clear  radiance,  better  than  any  other 
for  local  color,  dwelt  upon  the  scene.  Far  under  the  bridge  the  river  smoothly  swam,  the  under- 
currents forever  unfolding  themselves  upon  the  surface  with  a  vast  rose-like  evolution  edged  all 
round  with  faint  lines  of  white,  where  the  air  that  filled  the  water  freed  itself  in  foam.  What 
had  been  clear  green  on  the  face  of  the  cataract  was  here  more  like  rich  verd-antique,  and  had 
a  look  of  firmness  almost  like  that  of  the  stone  itself.  So  it  showed  beneath  the  bridge,  and 
down  the  river  till  the  curving  shores  hid  it.  These,  springing  abruptly  from  the  water's  brink, 
and  shagged  with  pine  and  cedar,  displayed  the  tender  verdure  of  grass  and  bushes  intermingled 
with  the  dark  evergreens  that  climb  from  ledge  to  ledge,  till  they  point  their  speary  tops  above 
the  crest  of  bluffs.  In  front,  where  tumbled  rocks  and  expanses  of  naked  clay  varied  the 
gloomier  and  gayer  green,  sprung  those  spectral  mists ;  and  through  them  loomed  out,  in  its 
manifold  majesty,  Niagara,  with  the  seemingly  immovable  white  Gothic  screen  of  the  American 
Fall,  and  the  green  massive  curve  of  the  Horse-shoe,  solid  and  simple  and  calm  as  an  Egyptian 
wall;  while  behind  this,  with  their  white  and  black  expanses  broken  by  dark  foliaged  little  isles, 
the  steep  Canadian  rapids  billowed  down  between  their  heavily  wooded  shores. —  IV.  D.  Hozueils, 
in  "  Their  Wedding  Journey."     Copyright,  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 


SUSPENSJOH  FCXJT  AKO  CARRiAGE  BR:03E  FROM  BEl-OIW  STATE  RESERVATION. 


Niagara. 


H 


AS  aught  like  this  descended  since  the  fountains 
Of  the  Great  Deep,  broke  up,  in  cataracts  hurled, 
And  climbing  lofty  hills,  eternal  mountains, 
Poured  wave  on  wave  above  a  buried  world  ? 


Yon  tides  are  raging,  as  when  storms  have  striven. 

And  the  vexed  seas,  awaking  from  their  sleep, 
Are  rough  with  foam,  and  Neptune's  flocks  are  driven 

In  myriads  o'er  the  green  and  azure  deep. 

Ere  yet  they  fall,  mark  { where  that  mighty  current 

Comes  like  an  army  from  its  mountain  home  ) 
How  fiercely  yon  steeds  amid  the  torrent 

With  their  dark  flanks,  and  manes  and  crests  of  foam, 

Speed  to  their  doom, —  yet,  in  the  awful  centre. 
Where  the  wild  waves  rush  madliest  to  the  steep. 

Just  ere  that  white,  unfathomed  gulf  they  enter. 
Rear  back  in  horror  from  the  headlong  leap. 

Then,  maddening,  plunge.     A  thousand  more  succeeding 

Sweep  onward,  troop  on  troop,  again  to  urge 
The  same  fierce  flight,  as  rapid  and  unheeding, — 

Again  to  pause  in  terror  on  the  verge. —  Henry  Hinvard  Brownell. 


THE  SISTER  ISLANDS  FROM  GOAT  ISLAND,  STATE  RESERVATION 


The  Horse-Shoe  Fall  from  Goat  Island. 

THERE  is  no  grander  spot  than  this.  The  waters  are  absolutely  around  you.  If  you 
have  that  power  of  eye-control  which  is  so  necessary  to  tlie  full  enjoyment  of  scenery, 
you  will  see  nothing  but  the  water.  That  converging  rush  of  water  may  fall  down,  down 
at  once  into  a  hell  of  rivers  for  what  the  eye  cm  see.  It  is  glorious  to  watch  them  in  their  first 
curve  over  the  rocks.  They  come  green  as  a  bank  of  emeralds;  but  with  a  fitful  flying  color,  as 
though  conscious  that  in  one  moment  more  they  would  be  dashed  into  spray  and  rise  into  air,  pale 
as  driven  snow.  The  vapour  rises  high  into  the  air,  and  is  gathered  there,  visible  always  as  a 
permanent  white  cloud  over  the  cataract;  but  the  bulk  of  the  spray  which  fills  the  lower  hollow  of 
that  horse-shoe  is  like  a  tumult  of  snow.  The  head  of  it  rises  ever  and  anon  out  of  that  caldron 
below,  but  the  caldron  itself  will  be  invisible.  It  is  ever  so  far  down, —  far  as  your  own 
imagination  can  sink  it.  But  your  eyes  will  rest  upon  the  full  curve  of  the  waters.  The  shape 
you  will  be  looking  at  is  that  of  a  horse-shoe,  but  of  a  horse-shoe  miraculously  deep  from  toe  to 
heel; — and  this  depth  becomes  greater  as  you  sit  there.  That  which  at  first  was  only  great  and 
beautiful,  becomes  gigantic  and  sublime  till  the  mind  is  at  a  loss  to  find  an  epithet  for  its  own 
use.  To  realize  Niagara  you  must  sit  there  till  you  see  nothing  else  than  that  which  you  have  come 
to  see.  You  will  find  yourself  among  the  waters  as  though  you  belonged  to  them.  The  cool 
liquid  green  will  run  through  your  veins,  and  the  voice  of  the  cataract  will  be  the  expression  of 
your  own  heart.  You  will  fall  as  the  bright  waters  fall,  rushing  down  into  your  new  world  with 
no  hesitation  and  with  no  dismay;  and  you  will  rise  again  as  the  spray  rises,  bright,  beautiful, 
and  pure. —  Anthony  Trollope. 


Niagara  Falls. 

THERE'S  nothing  great  or  bright,  thou  glorious  fall  ' 
Thou  mayest  not  to  the  fancy's  sense  recall, — 
The  thunder-riven  cloud,  the  lightning's  leap, 
The  stirring  of  the  chambers  of  the  deep  ; 
Earth's  emerald  green  and  many  tinted  dyes, 
The  fleecy  whiteness  of  the  upper  skies ; 
The  tread  of  armies,  thickening  as  they  come, 
The  boom  of  cannon  and  the  beat  of  drum  ; 
The  brow  of  beauty  and  the  form  of  grace, 
The  passion  and  the  prowess  of  our  race  ; 
The  song  of  Homer  in  its  loftiest  hour. 
The  unresisted  sweep  of  human  power, 
Britannia's  trident  on  the  azure  sea, 
America's  young  shout  of  liberty  ! 
Oh  !  may  the  waves  which  madden  in  thy  deep, 
There  spend  their  rage,  nor  climb  the  encircling  steep  ; 
And,  till  the  conflict  of  thy  surges  cease. 
The  nations  on  thy  banks  repose  in  peace. 

—  Lord  Alorpetli. 


J>r 


C^ilfORHV^, 


O 

s 


o 

a 
o 


The  Great  Cataract  from  the  Clifton  House. 

BEFORE  the  balcony  in  which  this  is  written  the  great  cataract  of  America  is  thundering, 
smoking,  gUttering  with  green  and  white  rollers  and  rapids,  hurling  the  waters  of  a 
whole  continent  in  splendor  and  speed  over  the  sharp  ledges  of  the  long,  brown  rock 
by  which  Erie  "the  Broad"  steps  proudly  down  to  Ontario  "the  Beautiful."  Close  at  hand  on 
our  left  —  not,  indeed,  farther  removed  than  some  si.x  hundred  or  seven  hundred  yards  —  the 
smaller,  but  very  imposing  American  Fall  speaks  with  the  louder  voice  of  the  two,  because  its 
coiling  spirals  of  twisted  and  furious  flood  crash  in  full  impulse  of  descent  upon  the  talus  of 
massive  boulders  heaped  up  at  its  feet. 

The  resounding  impact  of  water  on  rock,  the  clouds  of  water-smoke  which  rise  high  in  air, 
while  the  river  below  is  churned  into  a  whirling  cream  of  eddy  and  surge  and  back-water,  unite 
in  a  composite  effect  at  once  magnificent  and  bewildering.  But  if  you  listen  attentively  you 
will  always  hear  the  profound  diapason  of  the  great  fall  —  that  surnamed  the  Horse-shoe  —  sound- 
ing superbly  amid  the  loudest  clamor  and  tumult  of  its  sister,  a  deeper  and  grander  note :  and 
whenever  for  a  time  the  gaze  rests  with  inexhaustible  wonder  upon  that  fierce  and  tumultuary 
American  Fall,  this  mightier  and  still  more  marvelous  Horse-shoe  steals  it  away  again  with 
irresistible  fascination.  F'ull  in  front  lies  that  wholly  indescribable  spectacle  at  this  instant.  Its 
solemn  voice  —  an  octave  lower  than  the  excited,  leaping,  almost  angry  cry  of  fervid  life  from 
the  lesser  cataract  —  resounds  through  the  golden  summer  morning  air  like  the  distant  roar 
from  the  streets  of  fifty  Londons  all  in  full  activity. —  Sir  Edwin  Arnold. 


GENERAL   vlErV   O"   N.tS*RA   FALLS  FROM  THE   CLiFTON   HOUSE    C»N*Di   SIDE. 


From  City  to  Cataract. 

FROM  Toronto  we  steam  across  the  lake  to  the  village  of  Niagara,  where  a  train  is 
waiting  to  carry  us  on  to  the  Falls  about  half  an  hour  further  on.  We  all  watch  from 
the  windows,  eager  to  catch  our  first  glimpse  of  the  world's  great  wonder.  We  feci  a 
nervous  anxiety  to  stand  in  its  majestic  presence.  I  quote  from  my  companion's  note-book  on 
the  spot :  "  There  was  a  break  in  the  wood,  a  flash  of  white,  a  cloud  of  spray  tossed  high  above 
the  tree-tops;  then  the  dark  woods  closed  again.  That  glimpse,  flashing  upon  us  and  passing 
before  we  could  fully  realize  that  the  great  tumbling  mass  was  indeed  Niagara,  can  hardly  be 
called  our  first  view  of  it.  *  *  *  It  was  a  moonless  night,  and  in  the  dusk  we  could  only 
obscurely  trace  the  vast,  vague  outline  of  the  two  falls,  divided  by  the  blurred  mass  of  shapeless 
shadows  which  we  learned  was  Goat  Island.  As  we  looked  upon  them  silently,  and  listened  to  the 
ceaseless  boom  like  distant  thunder,  which  shook  the  ground  beneath  our  feet,  across  the  snowy 
veil  of  the  American  Fall,  to  our  left,  shot  rays  of  rosy  light,  which  melted  into  amber,  then  into 
emerald.  Tiiey  were  illuminating  the  great  waters  with  colored  calcium  lights.  *  *  *  But  the 
brilliant  rays  which  fell  across  the  American  Falls,  and  which  were  turned  on  and  off  like 
a  dissolving  view,  did  not  reach  to  the  Horse-shoe  Fall,  away  to  our  right.  Vast,  solemn, 
shadowy,  we  could  just  distinguish  its  form  in  the  darkness,  could  hear  the  deep  murmur  of  its 
awful  voice.  And  there,  between  it  and  us,  what  was  tJiat  we  saw?  Was  it  some  huge,  pale 
ghost  standing  sentinel  before  Niagara?  White,  spectral,  motionless,  it  rose  up  and  reached 
towards  the  stars  —  shapeless,  dim,  vague  as  a  veiled  ghost.  There  was  something  almost  super- 
natural about  it;  it  was  like  a  great,  colossal  spectre  wrapped  in  a  robe  of  strange,  dim  light. — 
Lady  Diiffus  Hardy. 


AMERICAN   FJLL  FROM  THE  QUEEN  VICTORIA  NIAGARA  FALLS  PARK. 


Niagara  in  Winter. 


AFTER  a  few  days  of  hard  frost  in  winter,  the  Falls  become  more  of  a  vision  of  some 
enchanted  land  than  a  real  scene  in  our  world.  No  marvels  wrought  by  genii  and 
magicians  in  the  Eastern  tales  could  surpass  the  wonderful  creations  that  rise  along  the 
surrounding  banks  and  hang  over  the  walls  of  the  cataract.  Glittering  wreaths  of  icicles  like 
jeweled  diadems  gleam  on  the  brow  of  every  projecting  rock  and  jutting  crag.  Arches,  pillars, 
and  porticos  of  shining  splendor  are  grouped  beneath  the  overhanging  cliffs,  giving  fanciful 
suggestions  of  fairy  palaces  beyond.  Every  fallen  fragment  of  rock  under  its  icy  covering  becomes 
a  marble  pyramid  or  obelisk,  and  masses  of  frozen  spray  stand  out  here  and  there  in  graceful  and 
statuesque  forms,  easily  shaped  by  imagination  into  the  half-finished  work  of  a  sculptor.  Every 
rift  and  opening  in  the  cliff  is  transformed  into  an  alabaster  grotto  with  friezes  and  mouldings  all 
fretted  and  froze,  with  filagree  wreaths  and  festoons  and  filmy  veils  and  canopies  of  lace-like 
patterns  and  gossamer  texture;  and  on  every  curve  and  angle,  round  every  fissure  and  crevice, 
some  fantastic  and  lovely  decoration  is  woven  by  winter's  master  artist.  King  Frost.  Over  the 
Horse-shoe  towards  Goat  Island  and  the  Bridal  Veil  Fall,  the  water  pours  in  thin  silvery  sheets, 
which  dissolve  in  white  curving  mists  as  they  slide  slowly  down  pinnacles  of  ice,  stretching  high 
above  them  break  these  falling  streams.  The  American  Falls,  through  its  hovering  veil  of  spray, 
seems  transformed  into  wreaths  of  frozen  foam.  The  face  of  Goat  Island  is  resplendent  with 
huge  many-tinted  icicles,  showing  all  the  colors  of  the  rock  on  which  they  are  formed,  and  on 
eitiier  shore  the  under  cliffs  are  hung  with  lovely  draperies  of  frozen  spray. —  Louise  Murray. 


TrtE  AMERICAN   FALL  IN   WINTER,   FROM  THE  CANADA  SIDE 


Their  Pilgrimage  to   Niagara. 

THE  slight  bridge  to  Goat  Island  appeared  more  presumptuous  by  day-light,  and  the 
sharp  slope  of  the  rapids  above  it  gave  a  new  sense  of  the  impetuosity  of  the  torrent. 
As  they  walked  slowly  on,  past  the  now  abandoned  paper  mills  and  the  other  human 
impertinences,  the  elemental  turmoil  increased,  and  they  seemed  entering  a  world  the  foundations 
of  which  were  broken  up.  This  must  have  been  a  good  deal  a  matter  of  impression,  for  other 
parties  of  sight-seers  were  coming  and  going,  apparently  unawed,  and  intent  simply  on  visiting 
every  point  spoken  of  in  the  guide-book,  and  probably  unconscious  of  the  all-pervading  terror. 
But  King  could  not  escape  it,  even  in  the  throng  ascending  and  descending  the  stairway  to 
Luna  Island.  Standing  upon  the  platform  at  the  top,  he  realized  for  the  first  time  the  immense 
might  of  the  downpour  of  the  American  Fall,  and  noted  the  pale  green  color,  with  here  and 
there  a  violet  tone,  and  the  white  cloud  mass  spurting  out  from  the  solid  color.  On  the  foam- 
crested  river  lay  a  rainbow  forming  nearly  a  complete  circle.  The  little  steamer  "  Maid  of  the 
Mist"  was  coming  up,  riding  the  waves,  dashed  here  and  there  by  conflicting  currents,  but 
resolutely  steaming  on  —  such  is  the  audacity  of  man — and  poking  her  venturesome  nose  into 
the  boiling  foam  under  the  Horse-shoe.  On  the  deck  are  pigmy  passengers  in  oil-skin  suits  — 
clumsy  figures,  like  arctic  explorers.  The  boat  tosses  about  like  a  chip,  it  hesitates  and  quivers, 
and  then  slowly  swinging,  darts  away  down  the  current,  fleeing  from  the  wrath  of  the  water  and 
pursued  by  the  angry  roar. —  Charles  Dudley  Warner.  From  "  Their  Pilgrimage ;"  copyright,  i8S6, 
by  Harper  &  Brothers. 


^^' 


— ;-l;/!flB3^ 


THE 


DE  FALL  FROM  INSPIRATION  POINT.   QUEEN   VICTORIA  NIAGARA  FALLS  PARK. 


Niagara  in  Winter. 


I  HAVE  seen  the  Falls  in  all  weathers  and  in  all  seasons,  but  to  my  mind  the  winter  view  is 
most  beautiful.  I  saw  them  first  during  the  hard  winter  of  1854,  when  a  hundred  cataracts 
of  ice  hung  from  the  clififs  on  either  side,  when  the  masses  of  ice  brought  down  from 
Lake  Erie  were  together  at  the  foot,  uniting  the  shores  with  a  rugged  bridge,  and  when  every 
twig  of  every  tree  and  bush  on  Goat  Island  was  overlaid  an  inch  deep  with  a  coating  of  solid 
crystal.  The  air  was  still,  and  the  sun  shone  in  a  cloudless  sky.  The  green  of  the  fall,  set 
in  a  landscape  of  sparkling  silver,  was  infinitely  more  brilliant  than  in  summer,  when  it  is 
balanced  by  the  trees,  and  the  rainbows  were  almost  too  glorious  for  the  eye  to  bear.  I  was  not 
impressed  by  the  sublimity  of  the  scene,  nor  even  by  its  terror,  but  solely  by  the  fascination  of 
its  wonderful  beauty, —  a  fascination  which  continually  tempted  me  to  plunge  into  that  sea  of 
fused  emerald,  and  lose  myself  in  the  dance  of  the  rainbows.  With  each  succeeding  visit,  Niag- 
ara has  grown  in  height,  in  power,  in  majesty,  in  solemnity;  but  I  have  seen  its  climax  of 
beauty. —  Bayard  Taylor. 

La  grandeur  merveilleuse  du  tableau  qu'il  vous  est  donne  de  contempler  est  telle  qu'on  eprouve 
une  emotion  sans  pareille.  De  gigantesques  stalactites  glacees,  de  50  metres  de  hauteur  environ, 
toutes  brillantes  au  soleil,  semblent  pretes  a  vous  ^eraser  par  leur  masse  formidable.  Les  chutes 
d'eau  ^tincelantes  aux  couleurs  d'^meraude  qui  se  precipitent  du  fer  k  cheval  accompagnees  des 
vapeurs  d'eau  s'^levant  dans  le  ciel,  la  neige  eblouissante  des  premiers  plans,  forment  des  scenes 
si  extraordinaires  qu'elles  depassent  veritablement  ce  que  I'homme  pent  rever  et  pendent  les 
quelques  instants  de  contemplation  notre  imagination  en  restrait  presque  comme  troublce. — 
Albert   Tissandier. 


Impressions  of  Niagara. 

THEN,  when  I  felt  how  near  to  my  Creator  I  was  standing,  the  first  effect,  and  the 
enduring  one  —  instant  and  lasting  —  of  the  tremendous  spectacle  was  Peace.  Peace  of 
Mind,  tranquillity,  calm  recollections  of  the  Dead,  great  thoughts  of  Eternal  Rest  and 
Happiness,  nothing  of  gloom  or  terror.  Niagara  was  at  once  stamped  upon  my  heart,  an  Image 
of  Beauty;  to  remain  there,  changeless  and  indelible,  until  its  pulses  cease  to  beat,  for  ever. 

Oh,  how  the  strife  and  trouble  of  daily  life  receded  from  my  view,  and  lessened  in  the 
distance,  during  the  ten  memorable  days  we  passed  on  that  Enchanted  Ground !  What  voices 
spoke  from  out  the  thundering  water;  what  faces,  faded  from  the  earth,  looked  out  upon  me 
from  its  gleaming  depths ;  what  Heavenly  promise  glistened  in  those  angel's  tears,  the  drops  of 
many  hues,  that  showered  around,  and  twined  themselves  about  the  gorgeous  arches  which  the 
changing  rainbows  made ! 

I  think  in  every  quiet  season  now,  still  do  those  waters  roll  and  leap,  and  roar  and  tumble,  all 
day  long;  still  are  the  rainbows  spanning  them,  a  hundred  feet  below.  Still,  when  the  sun  is  on 
them,  do  they  shine  and  glow  like  molten  gold.  Still,  when  the  day  is  gloomy,  do  they  fall  like 
snow,  or  seem  to  crumble  away  like  the  front  of  a  great  chalk  cliff,  or  roll  down  the  rock  like  dense 
white  smoke.  But  always  does  the  mighty  stream  appear  to  die  as  it  comes  down,  and  always 
from  its  unfathomable  grave  arises  that  tremendous  ghost  of  spray  and  mist,  which  is  never  laid : 
which  has  haunted  this  place  with  the  same  dread  solemnity  since  Darkness  brooded  on  the  deep, 
and  that  first  flood  before  the  Deluge  —  Light  —  came  rushing  on  Creation  at  the  word  of  God. — 
Charles  Dickens. 


SCeNt  FROM  FkLLS  VIEW,  OVERLOOKING  QUEEN  «CTO«IA  NIAGARA  FALuS  PARK. 


"The  Niagara  Falls  Route." 

THE  Michigan  Central  is  the  only  real  "Niagara  Falls  Route."  It  is  the  only  railroad  that 
gives  a  satisfactory  view  of  the  Falls.  Every  train  stops  five  minutes  at  Falls  View, 
which  is  what  the  name  indicates,  a  splendid  point  from  which  to  view  the  great  cataract. 
It  is  right  on  the  brink  of  the  grand  cafton,  at  the  Canadian  end  of  the  Horse-shoe,  and  every  part 
of  the  Falls  is  in  plain  sight.  Even  if  he  is  too  ill  or  too  lazy  to  get  out  of  his  car,  every  passenger 
can  see  the  liquid  wonder  of  the  world  from  the  window  or  the  platform.  This  is  the  Michigan 
Central's  strongest  hold  on  popular  favor,  its  greatest  advantage,  its  chief  attraction.  So  long  as 
the  waters  of  that  mighty  river  thunder  down  to  the  awful  depths  below,  so  long  as  the  rush  and 
roar,  the  surge  and  foam  and  prismatic  spray  of  nature's  cataractic  masterpiece  remain  to  delight 
and  awe  the  human  soul,  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  of  beauty-lovers  and  grandeur-worshipers 
will  journey  over  the  only  railroad  from  which  it  can  be  seen.  There  is  but  one  Niagara  Falls  on 
earth,  and  but  one  direct  great  railway  to  it. —  Col.  P.  Donan,  in  St.  Louis  Spectator. 


NIAGARA   FROM  FALLS  VIEW.  FROM  WATER-COLOR  BV  CHAS    GRAHAM,   FOR  MICHIGAN  CENTRAL  RAILROAD 


The  Earliest  Account. 

BETWIXT  the  Lakes  Ontario  and  Erie,  there  is  a  vast  and  prodigious  cadence  of  water, 
which  falls  down  after  a  surprising  and  astounding  manner;  insomuch  that  the  universe 
does  not  afford  its  parallel.  'Tis  true,  Italy  and  Suedland  boast  of  some  such  things, 
but  we  may  well  say  they  are  but  sorry  patterns  when  compared  with  this  of  which  we  now  speak. 
At  the  foot  of  this  horrible  precipice  we  meet  with  the  river  Niagara,  which  is  not  above  a 
quarter  of  a  league  broad,  but  is  wonderfully  deep  in  some  places.  It  is  so  rapid  above  this 
de.scent  that  it  violently  hurries  down  the  wild  beasts  while  endeavoring  to  pass  it  to  feed  on 
the  other  side,  they  not  being  able  to  withstand  the  force  of  its  current,  which  inevitably  casts 
them  headlong,  above  six  hundred  feet  high. 

This  wonderful  downfall  is  compounded  of  two  great  cross  streams  of  water  and  two  falls, 
with  an  isle  sloping  along  the  middle  of  it.  The  waters  whicli  fall  from  tiiis  horrible  precipice 
do  foam  and  boil  after  the  most  hideous  manner  imaginable,  making  an  outrageous  noise,  more 
terrible  than  that  of  thunder;  for  when  the  wind  blows  out  of  the  south,  their  dismal  roaring  may 
be  heard  more  than  fifteen  leagues  off. 

The  rebounding  of  these  waters  is  so  great  that  a  sort  of  cloud  arises  from  the  foam  of  it 
which  is  seen  hanging  over  this  abyss,  even  at  noon-day,  when  the  sun  is  at  its  height.  In  the 
midst  of  summer,  when  the  weather  is  hottest,  they  rise  above  the  tallest  firs,  and  other  great  trees 
which  grow  on  the  sloping  island  wliich  makes  the  two  fails  of  water  that  I  spoke  of. —  Father  Louis 
Hennepin. 


A  GLjMPSE  of   Tr^E    :  ' 


FnOM  Tnt  MiCrilGAN  CENTRAL 


The  Cantilever  Bridge. 


EACH  end  is  made  up  of  a  section,  entirely  of  steel,  extending  from  the  shore  nearly  half 
way  over  the  chasm.  Each  section  is  supported  near  its  center  by  a  strong  steel  tower, 
from  which  extend  two  lever  arms,  one  reaching  the  rocky  bluffs,  the  other  extending 
over  the  river  175  feet  beyond  the  towers.  The  outer  arm  having  no  support,  and  being  subject  like 
the  other  to  the  weight  of  trains,  a  counter-advantage  is  given  by  the  shore  arm  being  firmly 
anchored  to  the  rocks  on  the  shore.  The  towers  on  either  side- rise  from  the  water's  edge; 
between  them  a  clear  span  of  495  feet  over  the  river,  the  longest  double-track  truss-span  in 
the  world.  The  ends  of  the  cantilevers  reaching  on  each  side  395  feet  from  the  abutments, 
leave  a  gap  of  120  feet  filled  by  an  ordinary  truss  bridge  hung  from  the  ends  of  the  canti- 
levers. Here  provision  is  made  for  expansion  and  contraction  by  an  ingenious  arrangement 
between  the  ends  of  the  truss  bridge  and  of  the  cantilevers,  allowing  the  ends  to  move  freely 
as  the  temperature  changes,  but  at  the  same  time  preserving  perfect  rigidity  against  side 
pressure  from  the  wind.  There  are  no  guys  for  this  purpose,  as  in  a  suspension  bridge,  but 
the  structure  is  complete  within  itself.  The  total  length  of  the  bridge  is  910  feet.  It  has  a 
double  track,  and  is  strong  enough  to  carry  upon  each  track  at  the  same  time  the  heaviest 
freight  train,  extending  the  entire  length  of  the  bridge,  headed  by  two  "  consolidation  "  engines 
and  under  a  side  pressure  of  thirty  pounds  per  square  foot,  produced  by  a  wind  having 
a  velocity  of  seventy-five  miles  per  hour,  and  even  then  will  be  strained  to  only  one-fifth  of  its 
ultimate  strength. 


THE  STEEL  CANTILEVER   BRiDGE   OF  THE  MICHIGAN   CENTRAL, 


The  Erosion  of  the  Gorge. 


IT  is  a  matter  of  direct  observation  that,  from  time  to  time,  large  rocks  of  the  upper  limestone 
fall  away  into  the  pool,  and  there  seems  no  escape  from  the  inference  that  this  occurs 
because  the  erosion  of  the  shale  beneath  deprives  the  limestone  of  its  support.  Just 
how  the  shale  is  eroded,  and  what  is  the  part  played  bj'  the  harder  layers  beneath,  are  ques- 
tions in  regard  to  which  we  are  much  in  doubt.  In  the  Cave  of  the  Winds,  where  one  can 
pass  beneath  and  behind  one  of  the  thinner  segments  of  the  divided  fall,  the  air  is  filled  with 
spray  and  heavier  masses  of  water  that  perpetually  dash  against  the  shale,  and  though  their 
force  in  that  place  does  not  seem  to  be  violent,  it  is  possible  that  their  continual  beating  is 
the  action  that  removes  the  shaly  rock.  The  shale  is  of  the  variety  known  as  calcareous,  and 
as  its  calcareous  element  is  soluble,  it  may  be  that  solution  plays  its  part  in  the  work  of 
undermining.  What  goes  on  beneath  the  waters  of  the  pool  must  be  essential!)'  different.  The 
Niagara  River  carries  no  sediment,  and  therefore  cannot  scour  its  channel  in  the  manner  of  most 
rivers,  but  the  fragments  of  the  limestone  bed  that  fail  into  the  ])0()1  must  be  moved  by  the 
plunging  water,  else  they  would  accumulate  and  impede  its  work;  and,  being  moved,  we  can 
understand  that  they  become  powerful  agents  of  excavation.  Water  plunging  into  a  pool  acquires 
a  gyratory  motion,  and,  carrying  detritus  about  with  it,  sometimes  bores  deep  holes,  even  in  rocks 
that  are  hard.  These  holes  are  technically  called  "pot-holes,"  ami  tliere  is  mucii  to  commend 
the  suggestion  that  the  excavation  witliin  the  pool  is  essentially  pot-hole  work. —  Prof.  G.  K.  Gilbert. 


or  TBX 


O^NIVERSITY 


o 
o 


The  History  of  Niagara  River, 


LET  us  put  together  what  we  have  learned  of  the  Niagara  history.  The  river  began  its 
J  existence  during  the  final  retreat  of  the  great  ice  sheet,  or,  in  other  words,  during  the 
series  of  events  that  closed  the  age  of  ice  in  North  America.  If  we  consider  as  a 
geologic  period  the  entire  time  that  has  elapsed  since  the  beginning  of  the  age  of  ice,  then  the 
history  of  the  Niagara  River  covers  only  a  portion  of  that  period.  In  the  judgment  of  most 
students  of  glacial  geology,  and,  I  may  add,  in  my  own  judgment,  it  covers  only  a  small  portion 
of  that  period.  During  the  course  of  its  history,  the  length  of  the  river  has  suffered  some  variation 
by  reason  of  the  successive  fail  and  rise  of  the  level  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  was  at  first  a  few  miles 
shorter  than  now ;  then  it  became  suddenly  a  few  miles  longer,  and  its  present  length  was  gradually 
acquired.  With  the  change  in  the  position  of  its  mouth,  there  went  a  change  in  the  height  of  its 
mouth  ;  and  the  rate  at  which  it  eroded  the  channel  was  affected  thereby.  The  influence  on  the 
rate  of  erosion  was  felt  chiefly  along  the  lower  course  of  the  river,  between  Lewiston  and  Fort 
Niagara.  The  volume  of  the  river  has  likewise  been  inconstant.  In  early  days,  when  the  lakes 
levied  a  large  tribute  on  the  melting  glacier,  the  Niagara  may  have  been  a  larger  river  than  now; 
but  there  was  a  time  wiien  the  discharge  from  the  upper  lakes  avoided  the  route  by  Lake  Erie, 
and  then  the  Niagara  was  a  relatively  small  stream. —  Prof.  G.  K.  Gilbert. 


Trie  AftaUJ^OOi.  AAPlOS  FROM  THE  AULR-CM*  SIDE. 


THE  thoughts  are  strange  that  crowd  into  my  brain 
While  I  look  upward  to  thee.     It  would  seem 
As  if  God  pour'd  thee  from  His  "hollow  hand" 
And  hung  His  bow  upon  thine  awful  front, 
And  spoke  in  that  loud  voice  which  seem'd  to  him 
Who  dwelt  in  Patmos  for  his  Saviour's  sake, 
The  sound  of  many  waters,  and  had  bade 
Thy  flood  to  chronicle  the  ages  back, 
And  notch  his  cent'ries  in  the  eternal  rocks. 

—  John  G.  C.  Brainard. 


/  OF  THJI 

(  'J-NIVERSITY  ] 


The  Whirlpool. 

WE  witness  at  the  Whirlpool  on  the  Canada  side  "The  culminating  act  of  the  Niagara 
drama."  Little  known  and  less  appreciated  by  the  generality  of  travelers,  to  the  thinker 
the  Whirlpool  is  the  most  fascinating  spot  along  the  river,  more  awful  in  the  mysterious 
swirl  of  its  waters  and  in  the  eternity  of  ages  its  past  involves  than  the  cataract  itself.  Compressed 
within  these  narrow  limits  is  the  drainage  of  half  a  continent.  Two  of  the  three  sides  arc  steep, 
rocky  precipices  like  the  rest  of  the  river  gorge.  The  other  is  a  sheer  slope  of  primeval  forest, 
at  which  the  water  rushes  with  the  tremendous  force  acquired  in  its  swift  descent.  To  account 
for  this  wooded  declivity  carries  one  far  deeper  into  the  fathomless  ages  than  any  possible 
calculations  as  to  the  period  required  for  the  Falls  to  dig  the  gorge  from  Queenston. 

Through  an  unwillingness  to  believe  the  commonly  received  theory  that  the  concavity  of  this 
basin  is  due  to  the  erosion  of  the  water  striking  constantly  against  the  bank,  and  believing  the 
mysterious  weakness  of  the  northwestern  end  of  the  whirlpool  indicated  traces  of  the  buried  outlet 
of  a  former  river,  was  begun  the  investigation  which  has  dispelled  in  so  many  minds  the  illusion 
that  the  Falls  of  Niagara  were  once  at  Lewiston.  Having  conceived  the  idea  of  an  ancient  stream, 
the  present  Tonawanda,  carving  out,  in  a  period  jireccding  the  ice-age,  a  channel  as  far  as  the 
whirlpool  for  its  destined  successor,  the  Niagara,  the  new  theory  about  the  cataract  is  readily 
understood.  From  the  whirlpool  the  Tonawanda  had  its  outlet  through  what  is  now  the  closed, 
wooded  side  of  the  basin  known  as  the  St.  David's  Valley.  The  modern  river,  following  a  shallow 
valley  of  a  preceding  era,  quickly  excavated  that  part  of  the  gorge  between  the  whirlpool  and 
Lewiston. — Jaue  Meade  Welch.     From  Harper's  Magazine ;  copyright,  iSSj,  by  Harper  &  Brothers. 


or  TSB 


J^'- 


CAilFOHH^ 


Tf-.E    WHIRLPOOL  AND   ITS  OOTLET,   LOOKING  DOWN  THE   RIVER  FROM  CANADA  S  :£ 


ADMISSION  FEES,  RATES  AND  TOLLS. 

Cave  of  the  Winds  (with  guide  and  dress  ),         ................  $i.oo 

Inclined  Railway  (Prospect  Park),  round  trip  down  and  return,  ............       .10 

Hydraulic  Elevator  at  Horse-Shoe  Falls,  Canada  side,  with  guide  and  dress,  50  cents.     Without  guide  and  dress,      .  .       .25 

Museum  (American  side),  ...................       .50 

Whirlpool  Rapids  (either  side),  ..................       .50 

Whirlpool  (either  side),      .....................  50 

Crossing  New  Suspension  Bridge  (over  and  return),  25  cents.     Extra  for  each  vehicle,        ........       .25 

Crossing  Railway  Suspension  Bridge,  over  and  return  (no  charge  for  carriage),  .  .         .  .         .         .       .10 

Ride  in  van  from  Goat  Island  10  cents.     Around  Coat  Island, 15 

Ride  in  van  around  entire  Reservation  with  privilege  of  stepping  off   at  any  or  every  point  of  interest,  and  continuing  the  ride 

in  following  vans,    ....................       .25 

"  Maid  of  the  Mist,"  from  foot  of  Inclined  Railway  to  Horse-Shoe  Falls,  landins;  on  Canada  side  and  return,      ....        .50 

Niagara  Falls  and  Suspension  Bridge  Street  Railway,  from  Soldiers'  Monument,  Niagara  Falls  to  Suspension  IJridge,  fare,         .        .05 
Dufferin  Islands,  pedestrians  10  cents.     Carriage  with  occupants,       ............       .50 

Round  trip  to  Whirlpool  Rapids,  Canada  side,  via  Old  Suspension  Bridge  and  Horse-car  line.    .......       .40 

Round  trip  to  Whirlpool  Rapids.  American  side,  via  cars,  .............       .40 

Round  trip  to  Whirlpool,  American  side,  via  horse-car  and  transfer  carriages 55 

RATES  OF  FARE  ALLOWED  BY  LAW  IN  THE  VILLAGE  OF  NIAGARA  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

For  the  Use  and  Hire  of  Carriages  where  no  express  contract  is  made  therefor. 

For  carrying  one  passenger  and  ordinary  baggage  from  one  place  to  another,  in  the  village,        .......  $0.50 

Each  additional  passenger  and  ordinary  baggage,        ...............  .25 

For  carrying  one  passenger  and  ordinary  baggage  from  any  point  in  the  village  to  any  point  in  the  village  of  Suspension  Bridge,  1. 00 

Each  additional  passenger  and  ordinary  baggage,        ...............  .50 

Each  additional  piece  of  baggage,  other  than  ordinary  baggage,          .......          .....  .12 

Children  under  three  years  of  age,  free.     Over  three  years  and  under  fourteen  years  of  age,  half  price. 

Ordinary  baggage  is  defined  to  be  one  trunk  and  one  bag,  hat  or  bandbo.x,  or  other  s-mall  parcel. 

For  carrying  one  or  more  passengers  in  the  same  carriage  from  any  point  in  this  village  to  any  point  within  live  miles  of  the 
limits  of  the  village,  at  the  rate  of  two  dollars  for  the  first  hour  and  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  for  each  additional  hour  occupied, 
except  in  every  instance  where  such  carriage  shall  be  drawn  by  a  single  horse,  the  fare  thereof  shall  be  at  the  rate  of  one  dollar  and 
fifty  cents  for  the  first  hour,  and  one  dollar  for  each  additional  hour  occupied. 


iHEVlcTOf 


EUROPEAN 


yftMkmMHtnrvOtum 


— -   (i£JitB«iOmc£5.  ftUPITORIVM. 

Chicaoo.  Ill 


':  "I  V  ii    :!i  it 


Of  Ras. 

WIU>tR  B'.       ^ 
ROCMESTER.  n.Y 

ff.'s  ••YtST  ie'-''^:. 
MEW  York  City. 


ill      I  ■/ 

mi  ^/ 


WICKES  PATENT   COLD  STORAGE  WAREHOUSE  AND  REFRIGERATOR  CARS,  AT  SUSPENSION  BRIDGE,  ON  LINE  OF  MICHIGAN  CENTRAL 


iveied  icjn  arton.. 


FoUNDtD  1S24-; 


\ 


A^AKERS 
-4f         OF 


"'tM'-O'iai:'^'' 


AT   theif;'"       3r 

rACTOF^IE-S         L!SIO.V     iQ. 
NfSTON.MA'SS  N6\V   VOr^K 


aniiM'-Oa 


OUR^   GOODS 
SOLD  BY  THE  PRINCIPAL   DEALERS 
IN    SILVER   AND    PLATED   WARE. 


\^!ji^Ljj-i:i.i^.iTnFi:r 
%|ac|urer.of  f^5 

Drop  fo^  ^ 

Of  EVERY  DE5CBlP"f'° 
IN 

ST&&L, 
IROM, 

AND 
BRONZE-. 


-    AND  -^ 

AlATERlA'-. 


VULCAN    SURPRISED? 


XWONDERfUL  raCINE 


n 


Ypsilanti 

/MINERALS  WATER 
AND  VARIOUS 

PRODUCTS. 

J/f/PP^O/ArrsNAri/RU 
N.  ,:-  YPSIBWH  MM  "    ■  Co/^D/T/ON. 

TRADE    MARK  R^^l"2~3 

ATUNTI5  AiNERAL Water  Ointment. 

Plasters. 

Salic UR-A  5oap. 
J'araoon,  Paragon  Ginger  Ale,  Paragon  Mead. 
^'■"'^^      concentrated  mineral  water. 


W^  Martin, 
Frank  EShaw/T^^E  Candet;^ 

Vice  /Vwjr/^4  ''^*  J       j)      **'^^' 


tHAlJ 


;^0  CABS-!' ENGINE 


rNoW 


IN 


us^ 


oN 


Mj^^^^e  jollowing  Railroads: 


~~^ 


MARTINS 


<^MBlNATION 

de  kalb    ventilating 
automatic  ca»?    l« 
v      automatic    st 
\    ^  reducing/ 
superior 


eater  fn 


?UNK1RK-  N.y 


CAR     H  EATtR^^^ 
CAa-^INDOW.      i 
.IGVp^EXTINGUISHER. 

^Xm  ^^r  a  p7~~^ 

pnESSURE    VALVES. 


QUALITY  ^RASS  AND  IRON  STEAM  HTTINGS. 


•WHOLESALE     DEAUt«S''lN    STEEL  &   WROUGHT   IRON     PIPE. 


BOSTON   &  ALBANY.    LONG  ISLAND. 
New  YORK  CENTRAL  &.   HUDSON    RIVER. 
UNION   PACIFIC.      S      KINGS  CO.  ELEVATED. 
^~~2^^^  DUNKIRK.  ALLEGHANY  VALLEY  &  PITTSBURG 

'^^  IWiCHiCAM  Central. 

Lake  shore  a,  Michigan  Southern. 

'beech   CREEK.      C     CLEVELAND  &,  CANTON. 

Clcveland.  Cincinnati.  Chicago  &  St.  Louis. 

PROVIDENCE  &  Worcester. 

New  YORK.  Susquehanna  &.  Western. 

y  BUFFALO,   ROCHESTER  &.   PITTSBURG. 

WestShore.  LEHIGHVALLEY.  FALLBROOR. 
DETROIT,  Lansing  4.  Northern. 

NORTHERN  CENTRAL  DIVISION 

OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  SYSTEM. 

ELMiRA.  Cortland  &.  northern. 

'Inethtire  PossenqerTi^uipment  of  Jhe 
Michigan  Central  R .  I^. 

III  anin§ystem  of  steam  Heatinq. 


The  OiiDESTajvdLargestinAmerica. 

CONDUCTED   UNDER 

AN  EXPERIENCE  0F  = 

—  OVER  THIRTY  THREE  YE\RS. 

^dfd  ap  Cdpi/aiand7?esources  over.JJ.O^S.-^es. 
Special  'Deposits  in  fheVtiifed Sfatesf2M000. 
Losses  paid  fo  date.  orer.... i? IT. 500. 

HEAD     OFFICE 

157    ST.    JAMES      ST.,     MONTRCAI.. 

Sir/Tlexander  T^.Galf,  president. 

LQWdrd  IvawlinQS,  vice  president  a  managing  director. 


UNITED  STATES  BRANCHES. 

NEW  YORK,  lit  Broadway D.J.  TOMPKINS,  Secrttary. 

BOSTON,  17  Central  Street G.  W.  GREGERSON,  Agent. 

PHlLADELPHrA ,  sob  Walnut  Street,  A.  F.  SA BINE,  Resident  Sec'y. 
BA  L  TIMOR E,  5  Produce  Exchange,  .  .  W.S.  WILKINSON,  Agent. 
PITTSBURGH,  I02  Fourth  Avenue,     .    .     WM.  M.  GRANGER,  Agent. 

CHICAGO,  17s  La  Salle  Street JAS.  GRANT,  Secretary. 

ST.  LOUIS,  117  North  Third  Street,  CHAS  L.  CASE  b"  BRO.,  Agenit. 
LOUISVILLE,  Bank  Clearing  House,  CLINTON McCLARTY,  A/sent. 
NASHVILLE,  8 Noel  Block,  COOLEY,  METZGER  &■  KEITH.  Agents. 
RICHMOND,  ii04%  Main  Street,  .  .  PLEASANTS  b- CO.,  Agents. 
DETROir,SSGrisivold  Street F.  GRAHAM,  Agent. 


l^'?^ 


'-9 


BESSEMER. FOUNDRY  AND  MILL  PIC  IRON. 
SPIEGEL  AND  FERRO-MANGANESE. 

IRON    AND   STEEL    MERCHANT    BAR,  NAlLS   AND   RAIL    FASTENiNSS, 
LIGHT  "T"  and  street  RAILS;  STEEL  BLOOMS,  SLABS  BILLETS 

AND  Wire  rods  of  aNY  required  chemical  composition; 
IRON  or  steel  car  trOck  channels  and  steel  "I" 

BEAMS  AND  STROCTORAL  SHAPES. 


8    TO    lOO   POUNDS    PER    YARD. 


,'— ^ 


j  Rolls  for  i_^w^    "  ,^ 
l^tandaSi  .^2^5  /  §pec«  ^Shapes 


7/J 


North  Works  »«°  Vnion  Works,  oucaoo: 

South  Works.  Soimi Chicago;  '% 

JOLiET  WoRKs;AAiLWA\mEt  Works. 


GEHERAL  OFFICES  —Tenth  Floor,  Rookery  Building,  Chicago,  Ills. 

J.  L.  TALE.  General  Sales  Agent. 
MEW  YORK  OFnCE—46  Wall  Street.  Hew  York  City. 
MILWAUKEE  OFFICE—  151  M.  W.  Ins.  Building,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
ST.  LOUIS  OFHCE— Laclede  Building,  D.  E.  GARRISOK  d  CO.,  Agents. 


-  (3hAS.  G  E^LLtS,    Vf€;gt- 

[.  Pitkin  <  §-upf. 


lpcoA\pTiVES  OF  STANt)ARp  Design  foi^>\ll  CyissES  of  Sei^ice. 

OR,  FROM   "BESIQNS  FURNIgHEb  BY   K/HLRp/lt)    COMI^NIES. 


OF  TB» 


Juniata.  M 


;,'%el  Vopks. 


SJIO£JVB£^G£Ii  &C? 

P/TTSBimGJf,  PA . 


1 


^"=^ 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


fiwi  w,v,Liffi6S5  STEEL. 

FOR 

Locomotive  Fire  boxes  &t  boilers. 
Plate  and  Tank  Steel 

OF  ALL  DESCRIPTIOMS. 


-  FREIGHT'AiiD^RErRiGERATQR<ARS 

•NEWBERRY' BLDG  DETROIT/AICH" 

CAPACITY,  10,000  CARS  PER  ANNUiA 

W.K.AMDERSOri.  Treas. 
JOSEPH  TAYLOR,    hiij. 
R.E.  PLUMB.         Gea.A^enL 
GEO.  O.  BEGG,  Purchflsin^  A^enl. 

MflnuMiireoi^  DETROIT.  MICH. 


JAMES  MCMILLAN,  Prest. 
HUGH  M^rilLLAN,   Vice-Presl. 
W.C. MCMILLAN,      Gen.n^r. 
JAS ,  MCGREGOR.  Gen^pT. 


**fe|l  lw!l  "^'AANUFACTURERS  OF 

CAR  WHEELSamd  RAILROA0CASTING5, 

ALSO,  GENERAL  FOUNDRY  WORK 

Sx^ DETROIT  MICH:® 

Sfc'jAnK.rKniuLw,  rr«»t.  |jLM.wHm»6,6u|.T. 

MUCH.n«niliAN,V-Pmc|  W.K  ANDERSON,  "n-tw 


fOft*tL 
JAflD  ItniLlAH,  Fr«y. 

HU8Hn'niLLAN,VK«-fr«sf. 

JOMBBAUCH.Soi  njr 


wom' 

SANUELAiMKMI.iupr. 
W.KANDtR30N,Tr«» 


CAR  LIGHTING. 


^\  V  SOPER .      ROBERT  ANDREWS, 


By  compressed  oil  Qas.Tae  Celebrated  Pmlsch  A 


CAR  HEATING 


m^--^ 


sj/stetn.  absolutely'  wfe  and  the  most  brilliaot  light  ever  "^^v^ttdv^oter  circuiaJion  bjj  the  application  of 
lAtroduced  iato  R^tiwa^  coaches,  la  Europe  over  30.0CO  ^^^stcan.TtH?  standard  system. £ulcK  circula- 
are  aow  ceuipped  with  this  lioht.  it  nas  been  used  as  tbe  standardf  tion.unlform  hcat,economical,safe  and 
li^  onine^NEw  York,Law:  Erie  &\\e5Tern  aaa  the     ^reliable, leavuiO  the  car  heaters  ahvays  readu 
WEST  Shore  for  over  f  ivcj/ears.  %-^     for  emergencies  Jnls  sjstem  f)c 

^l^dniMUsjfS^em,Masi(ne^AibiU^,'OkiColoi^,'  °^^eatinj  in  use  on  ihe  above  and  mam) 
\Y(^JMJBastm&/^o^k]/emr;C{Yf/iT^^^  other  lincs.We  have  also  a  perfected 

\CmiimfL  JJim//^&JMm/ifmt///e,Afh>^^m/&  -  §  ^^^«f"  ^  ^aHnj  fe  ^«^ct  steam. 
{Oiea^.'Oik'm&Ma/itii:: M^to^.-both  me ^reat  ^lac€H^^*^.2EQ^E.I60  BROADWAY. 

O^Coiupanies  o|  America.aiid  maoii  dber  ftailwajp  are  li^n^  their  Cars  by  this  sj^tein3;fl  nEW  lORK. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFOBNIA  LIBEAEY, 
BERKELEY 


D--r.-.-.-y.v...-Offla;.':.v--^^.-^^i,-:  .:.:■ 


yyy  Uroadyray  (near  Corf /and  t  JV 

ir^-mOTy/h/Tve.    ( heU2'"^^r,d zs-^ S/s 


THIS  BOOK   IS  DUE   ON  THE  LAST  DATE 

STAMPED  BELOW 

Books  not  returned  on  time  are  subject  lo  a  fine  of 
60c  per  volume  after  the  third  day  overdue,  increasing 
to  $1.00  per  volume  after  the  sixth  day.  Books  not  in 
demand  may  be  renewed  if  application  is  made  before 
expiration  of  loan  period. 


3tp  ilia,  ■•3^1 


m  5 


ow 


OCT    11928 

3lMay'63BP 


'-D 


'i«t4 


v^ilO 


s 


rut 


YC  28368 


^     i.  ■  =  ■  •  "  rr  1 
I  XJNIVE> 


